The Castle Kleinballhausen is a former manor house and today a listed building in Kleinballhausen in the municipality of Ballhausen in the Unstrut-Hainich district of Thuringia.

A seat of the "zu Balenhusen" family was first mentioned at the beginning of the 12th century. The structural origins of the castle date back to this time. The von Ballhausen family remained the owners of the castle until 1290, and in 1297 it is said to have been pledged to the Archbishopric of Mainz. From the 14th century onwards, the house changed hands several times. In 1518, the Saxon Duke George the Bearded purchased the deserted castle. He enfeoffed it to Hans von Werthern, who developed it into a manor. The von Werthern family held the estate for 200 years, before it passed to the von Berlepsch family in 1720, who passed it on to the von Keudell family in 1732.

In 1851, Sebastian Lucius finally acquired the manor from Karl v. Zech (1812-1889). The Lucius family also owned the neighboring estates at this time Red Court and Green farm in the neighboring village of Großballhausen. Sebastian Lucius' son Robert Lucius von Ballhausen extended the castle in 1882 by adding two side wings and a tower. The manor included 1200 acres of farmland, extensive stables, a potato flake factory, a watermill, carp farming, greenhouses and an inn.

At the end of the Second World War, the castle's inventory was looted by citizens; the valuable interior furnishings and, in particular, a collection of East Asian works of art were irretrievably lost. In the 1960s, the castle was used as a kindergarten and after-school care center, among other things. The dilapidated tower and parts of the now dilapidated historic central section of the castle were demolished during the GDR era. The demolished part of the central section was replaced by a simple new building that was not in keeping with the listed building, and the remaining interior of the building was rebuilt without regard for the historical structure. Among other things, these measures created eight apartments. Historic building fabric was only preserved in the side wings of the building. In 2015, the façade of the palace complex was renovated and the central section, which was built during the GDR era, was plastered. In addition to the castle, a large farm building and the castle park have also been preserved.

Today, the castle is used as a residential building.