Initially built as a fortified church, it was completed as a Protestant church in 1713 with the construction of the nave. Due to its structural characteristics, it can be assigned to the 14th century.

There are three bells in the church of St. Anna Oberndorf. In 2017, one of the three bells became 500 years old. This bell was cast in 1517 presumably for the church in Dieterstedt by the Erfurt bell founder Heinrich Ziegler. After the dissolution of Dieterstedt, it was moved to Oberndorf and currently hangs as the third bronze bell on the southern side of the belfry. When the other bells were melted down during the war years, it survived.