On June 6, 1377, a long dispute between the margraves of Meissen and the bailiffs of Gera over the "Ketener holcz", today's Köthenwald between Thierbach and Weckersdorf, was settled. Langinbuch" was first mentioned in a document in this legal instrument.

In 1378 it appears as "Langinbuch villa", i.e. the village of Langenbuch. The place name is probably derived from "das Buch", meaning the long beech forest. The village was very closely linked to neighboring Mühltroff. In 1398, a "Conrat Strengel zu Langenpuch" had to make a promise before the parish priest, the lord bailiff of Mühltroff and witnesses from the village and Ranspach to lead a better life and make a donation to the church. What his transgression consisted of, however, remained open. We can only leave that to our imagination.

In 1404, the people of Langenbuch demanded that their parish priest comply with his duties. In 1499, 1523 and 1545, they confronted the knights of Mühltroff. The Langenbuchers therefore appear to have been very self-confident and confrontational. In 1414, the Margraves of Meissen confirmed the right to give beer, wine and mead as a gift. These were privileges that were reserved for towns and market towns at the time. There is also evidence of "Vierleute" for Langenbuch in 1398, which indicates the development of the village into a market town with the forerunner of a council.

Until the 19th century, Langenbuch belonged to the Electoral Saxon office of Plauen and from 1875 to the Plauen administrative district. In 1952, the village was incorporated into the district of Schleiz.