A town fire in 1581 destroyed the original Bonifatiuskirche. The "New Church" was built on its foundations as a baroque hall building. Master organ builder Johann Friedrich Wender from Mühlhausen built an organ for the New Church in 1703. The 18-year-old J. S. Bach took the organ down and tested it. Bach's playing was so convincing that he was offered his first job as an organist in Arnstadt.

Today, the Bachkirche houses two instruments. Below the baroque Wender organ is a romantic Steinmeyer organ from 1913.