The village was first mentioned in a document in 1236. The name Eichstruth refers to the original location of the village square in a marshy area with oak trees. Eichstruth is located in the west of Thuringia, 7 km south of the village of Wüstheuterode in the middle of deciduous and mixed forest. At the foot of the Eichstruther Kopf (503 m), on the Dieterode - Eichstruth country road, the Waise river has its source. It runs via Mackenrode, Vatterode, Dietzenrode and flows into the Werra in Wahlhausen. At its source, the Waise is called "Sählen-Bach", then "Beek" and from Dietzenrode - Waise - and forms the former state border with Hesse. From the Siegeseiche oak between Mackenrode and Eichstruth, visitors have a wonderful view over a landscape that is also known as "Eichsfeld Switzerland". The small, very pretty village of Eichstruth is located on the "German Fairy Tale Route", which runs from Bad Sooden-Allendorf via Wahlhausen, Dietzenrode/Vatterode, Mackenrode - Eichstruth - Dieterode to Heiligenstadt and Göttingen. The area around Eichstruth is very interesting for hikers. Towards the north-west, you have a picture-book view of Mackenrode, the heights of the Katzenstein and the Allendörfer Brandholz and the view sweeps for miles over the changing colors of Röhrigsberg and Röhrsberg, until the dark green Höheberg with its 511 m high Junkerskuppe limits the view.

Eichstruth is a small and extremely well-kept village (located on an area of 134 ha with 87 inhabitants - as of 30.09.2021). Beautiful front gardens, clean squares and many green and planted areas along the roadside reflect the residents' love for their village.

The inhabitants of Eichstruth are very proud of the new village community center with restaurant, hall and youth room, which was built between 2002 and 2004. The existing village square was also completely redesigned in 2006. These are the results of the many efforts of the residents to make the village look attractive, which also shows the sense of togetherness and the firm integration into community life.