With the founding of Erfurt University, whose main building, the Collegium Maius, was built directly opposite the church, St. Michael's Church (1278-1290) became the university church in 1392. From 1501 to 1505, Martin Luther, who was studying in Erfurt, regularly attended mass in St. Michael's Church. Luther himself preached in St. Michael's Church on October 21, 1522. St. Michael's Church has three bells, which are rung by hand, and the "Katharina" is the oldest bell in Erfurt.

Concerts in St. Michael's churchyard (early June to the end of August) and musical vespers (early September to the end of May, Saturdays at 5 pm) as well as concerts in the church interior are very popular. Various exhibitions can be visited regularly in St. Michael's Church.