When the Boniface Chapel at Blobach, founded in 1851, became too small for Mühlhausen's growing Catholic community, plans were made to build a new church in 1884. After the foundation stone was laid on July 14, 1903, the neo-Gothic church was completed in 1905. The solemn consecration took place on August 5, 1907. The rectory and chaplaincy were also built together with St. Joseph's. The Liborius Wagner House completed the ensemble of buildings in 1995.