The market town of Niederorschel is centrally located in the "Eichsfelder Kessel" between the Ohmgebirge and Dün mountains. The village was first mentioned as Asla in 1221 in a deed of donation from the Beuren monastery. The name suggests that the village is one of the oldest settlements in the Eichsfeld region, dating back to the 5th century. Niederorschel belonged to the outskirts of the Thuringian kingdom until the beginning of the 6th century. In a document from 1306 the name is already inferior Orsla, in 1334, 1347, 1359 again inferior Asla. 1549l Orsel, 1563 Niederorschla.