Dryburg Castle is the oldest preserved, completely stone-built secular building in the town. The west wing of the medieval core castle has been preserved. Today it houses the Kunstwestthüringer e.V. gallery, among other things.

Dryburg Castle was owned by the Lords of Salza until 1345. After its destruction in 1346, the lords of the manor had the castle rebuilt as an administrative seat. The west wing visible today combines a late Romanesque residential tower (before 1346) and two castle houses (mid-14th century), which were connected around 1530 by the addition of a staircase. Between 1694 and 1720, the castle was converted into the widow's residence of the Duchy of Saxony-Weißenfels and the south wing, which is still preserved, was built in half-timbered construction. The dowager duchess Friederike von Sachsen-Weißenfels (1715-1775) lived in the castle from 1746. Large parts of Dryburg Castle burnt down in 1899. In 1927, the town of Langensalza bought the remaining buildings of the castle and set up four municipal apartments and a gallery, among other things.