The first documentary mention of Wenigensömmern is found in a tithe dispute between the Fulda Monastery and the Archbishop of Mainz - Lullus - in 876, in which the places "Sumeridi item Sumeridi" are listed, which most probably meant Sömmerda and Wenigensömmern. The earliest secular owners of Wenigensömmern are the Counts of Beichlingen.

With the implementation of the land reform after the end of the war, the manor of Wenigensömmern had to be divided up. 16 new farmers received the land area, land-poor farmers and small settlers the remaining land. In addition, almost 40 allotment gardens of 700 m² each were established behind the cemetery. Most of the former Rittergut was demolished in the summer of 1948.

In the surroundings of Wenigensömmern there are two deserts. These are Breitenfurt, between Wenigensömmern and Stödten on the so-called Altgefälle, and Siboldesdorf, between Wenigensömmern and Frohndorf. Deserted refers to a settlement or economic area that was abandoned before modern times and is now completely destroyed.

An important personality who lived in Wenigensömmern for several years was Caspar von Teutleben - a German poet and court master. It was to his credit that the Fruit-Bearing Society for the Purity of the German Language was founded in 1617, for which he was awarded the Order of the Palm. Caspar von Teutleben died on 11.02.1629 in Wenigensömmern.

From 2001 to 2005, Wenigensömmern was a focus of the village renewal program of the Free State of Thuringia. The village renewal has significantly enhanced the appearance of the district and considerably improved the quality of life of the residents. Today, as in the past, the local history association is actively involved in the village's history and cultivates tradition and customs.